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C++ (49)

Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:51

C++ Program to swap two numbers without third variable

Written by Anish Sir

We can swap two numbers without using third variable. There are two common ways to swap two numbers without using third variable:

By + and -
By * and /

Program 1: Using * and /

Let's see a simple C++ example to swap two numbers without using third variable.

 
 #include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
int a=5, b=10;      
cout<<"Before swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;      
a=a*b; //a=50 (5*10)    
b=a/b; //b=5 (50/10)    
a=a/b; //a=10 (50/5)    
cout<<"After swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;      
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Before swap a= 5 b= 10     
After swap a= 10 b= 5

Program 2: Using + and -

Let's see another example to swap two numbers using + and -.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
int a=5, b=10;      
cout<<"Before swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;      
a=a+b; //a=15 (5+10)    
b=a-b; //b=5 (15-10)    
a=a-b; //a=10 (15-5)    
cout<<"After swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;      
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Before swap a= 5 b= 10  
 After swap a= 10 b= 5

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:50

C++ Program to reverse number

Written by Anish Sir

We can reverse a number in C++ using loop and arithmetic operators. In this program, we are getting number as input from the user and reversing that number.

Let's see a simple C++ example to reverse a given number.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
int n, reverse=0, rem;    
cout<<"Enter a number: ";    
cin>>n;    
  while(n!=0)    
  {    
     rem=n%10;      
     reverse=reverse*10+rem;    
     n/=10;    
  }    
 cout<<"Reversed Number: "<<reverse<<endl;     
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter a number: 234  
 Reversed Number: 432

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:49

Sum of digits program in C++

We can write the sum of digits program in C++ language by the help of loop and mathematical operation only.

Sum of digits algorithm

To get sum of each digit by C++ program, use the following algorithm:

Step 1: Get number by user
Step 2: Get the modulus/remainder of the number
Step 3: sum the remainder of the number
Step 4: Divide the number by 10
Step 5: Repeat the step 2 while number is greater than 0.

Let's see the sum of digits program in C++.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
int n,sum=0,m;    
cout<<"Enter a number: ";    
cin>>n;    
while(n>0)    
{    
m=n%10;    
sum=sum+m;    
n=n/10;    
}    
cout<<"Sum is= "<<sum<<endl;    
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter a number: 23  
 Sum is= 5

Enter a number: 624       
Sum is= 12

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:47

Armstrong Number in C++

Written by Anish Sir

Before going to write the C++ program to check whether the number is Armstrong or not, let's understand what is Armstrong number.

Armstrong number is a number that is equal to the sum of cubes of its digits. For example 0, 1, 153, 370, 371 and 407 are the Armstrong numbers.

Let's try to understand why 371 is an Armstrong number.

 
371 = (3*3*3)+(7*7*7)+(1*1*1)    
where:    
(3*3*3)=27    
(7*7*7)=343    
(1*1*1)=1    
So:    
27+343+1=371    

Let's see the C++ program to check Armstrong Number.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
int n,r,sum=0,temp;    
cout<<"Enter the Number=  ";    
cin>>n;    
temp=n;    
while(n>0)    
{    
r=n%10;    
sum=sum+(r*r*r);    
n=n/10;    
}    
if(temp==sum)    
cout<<"Armstrong Number."<<endl;    
else    
cout<<"Not Armstrong Number."<<endl;   
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the Number= 371
Armstrong Number.

Enter the Number= 342   
Not Armstrong Number.

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:46

Factorial program in C++

Written by Anish Sir

Factorial Program in C++: Factorial of n is the product of all positive descending integers. Factorial of n is denoted by n!. For example:

 
4! = 4*3*2*1 = 24  
6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720    

Here, 4! is pronounced as "4 factorial", it is also called "4 bang" or "4 shriek".

The factorial is normally used in Combinations and Permutations (mathematics).

There are many ways to write the factorial program in C++ language. Let's see the 2 ways to write the factorial program.

Factorial Program using loop
Factorial Program using recursion

Factorial Program using Loop

Let's see the factorial Program in C++ using loop.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
   int i,fact=1,number;    
  cout<<"Enter any Number: ";    
 cin>>number;    
  for(i=1;i<=number;i++){    
      fact=fact*i;    
  }    
  cout<<"Factorial of " <<number<<" is: "<<fact<<endl;  
  return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter any Number: 5  
 Factorial of 5 is: 120

Factorial Program using Recursion

Let's see the factorial program in C++ using recursion.

 
#include<iostream>    
using namespace std;      
int main()    
{    
int factorial(int);    
int fact,value;    
cout<<"Enter any number: ";    
cin>>value;    
fact=factorial(value);    
cout<<"Factorial of a number is: "<<fact<<endl;    
return 0;    
}    
int factorial(int n)    
{    
if(n<0)    
return(-1); /*Wrong value*/      
if(n==0)    
return(1);  /*Terminating condition*/    
else    
{    
return(n*factorial(n-1));        
}    
}  

Output:

Enter any number: 6   
Factorial of a number is: 720

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:43

Palindrome program in C++

Written by Anish Sir

A palindrome number is a number that is same after reverse. For example 121, 34543, 343, 131, 48984 are the palindrome numbers.

Palindrome number algorithm

Get the number from user
Hold the number in temporary variable
Reverse the number
Compare the temporary number with reversed number
If both numbers are same, print palindrome number
Else print not palindrome number

Let's see the palindrome program in C++. In this program, we will get an input from the user and check whether number is palindrome or not.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
  int n,r,sum=0,temp;    
  cout<<"Enter the Number=";    
  cin>>n;    
 temp=n;    
 while(n>0)    
{    
 r=n%10;    
 sum=(sum*10)+r;    
 n=n/10;    
}    
if(temp==sum)    
cout<<"Number is Palindrome.";    
else    
cout<<"Number is not Palindrome.";   
  return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the Number=121   
 Number is Palindrome.

Enter the number=113  
Number is not Palindrome.

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:43

Prime number is a number that is greater than 1 and divided by 1 or itself. In other words, prime numbers can't be divided by other numbers than itself or 1. For example 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23.... are the prime numbers.

Let's see the prime number program in C++. In this C++ program, we will take an input from the user and check whether the number is prime or not.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
  int n, i, m=0, flag=0;  
  cout << "Enter the Number to check Prime: ";  
  cin >> n;  
  m=n/2;  
  for(i = 2; i <= m; i++)  
  {  
      if(n % i == 0)  
      {  
          cout<<"Number is not Prime."<<endl;  
          flag=1;  
          break;  
      }  
  }  
  if (flag==0)  
      cout << "Number is Prime."<<endl;  
  return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the Number to check Prime: 17  
 Number is Prime.

Enter the Number to check Prime: 57  
Number is not Prime.

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:41

Fibonacci Series in C++

Written by Anish Sir

Fibonacci Series in C++: In case of fibonacci series, next number is the sum of previous two numbers for example 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 etc. The first two numbers of fibonacci series are 0 and 1.

There are two ways to write the fibonacci series program:

Fibonacci Series without recursion
Fibonacci Series using recursion

Fibonaccci Series in C++ without Recursion

Let's see the fibonacci series program in C++ without recursion.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main() {  
  int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,number;    
 cout<<"Enter the number of elements: ";    
 cin>>number;    
 cout<<n1<<" "<<n2<<" "; //printing 0 and 1    
 for(i=2;i<number;++i) //loop starts from 2 because 0 and 1 are already printed    
 {    
  n3=n1+n2;    
  cout<<n3<<" ";    
  n1=n2;    
  n2=n3;    
 }    
   return 0;  
   }  

Output:Enter the number of elements: 10

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Fibonnaci series using recursion in C++

Let's see the fibonacci series program in C++ using recursion.

 
#include<iostream>    
using namespace std;      
void printFibonacci(int n){    
    static int n1=0, n2=1, n3;    
    if(n>0){    
         n3 = n1 + n2;    
         n1 = n2;    
         n2 = n3;    
 cout<<n3<<" ";    
         printFibonacci(n-1);    
    }    
}    
int main(){    
    int n;    
    cout<<"Enter the number of elements: ";    
    cin>>n;    
    cout<<"Fibonacci Series: ";    
    cout<<"0 "<<"1 ";  
    printFibonacci(n-2);  //n-2 because 2 numbers are already printed    
     return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the number of elements: 15 
 Fibonacci Series: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377

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Thursday, 22 June 2017 12:37

C++ Programs

Written by Anish Sir

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Wednesday, 21 June 2017 03:00

C++ User-Defined Exceptions

Written by Anish Sir

The new exception can be defined by overriding and inheriting exception class functionality.

C++ user-defined exception example

Let's see the simple example of user-defined exception in which std::exception class is used to define the exception.

 
#include <iostream>  
#include <exception>  
using namespace std;  
class MyException : public exception{  
    public:  
        const char * what() const throw()  
        {  
            return "Attempted to divide by zero!\n";  
        }  
};  
int main()  
{  
    try  
    {  
        int x, y;  
        cout << "Enter the two numbers : \n";  
        cin >> x >> y;  
        if (y == 0)  
        {  
            MyException z;  
            throw z;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            cout << "x / y = " << x/y << endl;  
        }  
    }  
    catch(exception& e)  
    {  
        cout << e.what();  
    }  
}  

Output:

Enter the two numbers :
10
2
x / y = 5

Output:

Enter the two numbers :
10
0
Attempted to divide by zero!

-->

Note: In above example what() is a public method provided by the exception class. It is used to return the cause of an exception.

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Wednesday, 21 June 2017 02:58

C++ try/catch

Written by Anish Sir

In C++ programming, exception handling is performed using try/catch statement. The C++ try block is used to place the code that may occur exception. The catch block is used to handle the exception.

C++ example without try/catch

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
float division(int x, int y) {  
   return (x/y);  
}  
int main () {  
   int i = 50;  
   int j = 0;  
   float k = 0;  
      k = division(i, j);  
      cout << k << endl;  
   return 0;  
}  

Output:

Floating point exception (core dumped)

C++ try/catch example

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
float division(int x, int y) {  
   if( y == 0 ) {  
      throw "Attempted to divide by zero!";  
   }  
   return (x/y);  
}  
int main () {  
   int i = 25;  
   int j = 0;  
   float k = 0;  
   try {  
      k = division(i, j);  
      cout << k << endl;  
   }catch (const char* e) {  
      cerr << e << endl;  
   }  
   return 0;  
}  

Output:

Attempted to divide by zero!

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Wednesday, 21 June 2017 02:57

C++ Exception Handling

Written by Anish Sir

Exception Handling in C++ is a process to handle runtime errors. We perform exception handling so the normal flow of the application can be maintained even after runtime errors.

In C++, exception is an event or object which is thrown at runtime. All exceptions are derived from std::exception class. It is a runtime error which can be handled. If we don't handle the exception, it prints exception message and terminates the program.

Advantage

It maintains the normal flow of the application. In such case, rest of the code is executed even after exception.

C++ Exception Classes

In C++ standard exceptions are defined in <exception> class that we can use inside our programs. The arrangement of parent-child class hierarchy is shown below:

Cpp Exception handling 1

All the exception classes in C++ are derived from std::exception class. Let's see the list of C++ common exception classes.

Exception	Description
std::exception	It is an exception and parent class of all standard C++ exceptions.
std::logic_failure	It is an exception that can be detected by reading a code.
std::runtime_error	It is an exception that cannot be detected by reading a code.
std::bad_exception	It is used to handle the unexpected exceptions in a c++ program.
std::bad_cast	This exception is generally be thrown by dynamic_cast.
std::bad_typeid	This exception is generally be thrown by typeid.
std::bad_alloc	This exception is generally be thrown by new.

C++ Exception Handling Keywords

In C++, we use 3 keywords to perform exception handling:

try
catch, and
throw

Moreover, we can create user-defined exception which we will learn in next chapters.

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Wednesday, 21 June 2017 02:56

C++ Strings

Written by Anish Sir

In C++, string is an object of std::string class that represents sequence of characters. We can perform many operations on strings such as concatenation, comparison, conversion etc.

C++ String Example

Let's see the simple example of C++ string.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
int main( ) {  
    string s1 = "Hello";    
        char ch[] = { 'C', '+', '+'};    
        string s2 = string(ch);    
        cout<<s1<<endl;    
        cout<<s2<<endl;    
}  

Output:

Hello
C++

C++ String Compare Example

Let's see the simple example of string comparison using strcmp() function.

 
#include <iostream>  
#include <cstring>  
using namespace std;  
int main ()  
{  
  char key[] = "mango";  
  char buffer[50];  
  do {  
     cout<<"What is my favourite fruit? ";  
     cin>>buffer;  
  } while (strcmp (key,buffer) != 0);  
 cout<<"Answer is correct!!"<<endl;  
  return 0;  
}  

Output:

What is my favourite fruit? apple
What is my favourite fruit? banana
What is my favourite fruit? mango
Answer is correct!!

C++ String Concat Example

Let's see the simple example of string concatenation using strcat() function.

 
#include <iostream>  
#include <cstring>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
    char key[25], buffer[25];  
    cout << "Enter the key string: ";  
    cin.getline(key, 25);  
    cout << "Enter the buffer string: ";  
     cin.getline(buffer, 25);  
    strcat(key, buffer);   
    cout << "Key = " << key << endl;  
    cout << "Buffer = " << buffer<<endl;  
    return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the key string: Welcome to
Enter the buffer string:  C++ Programming.
Key = Welcome to C++ Programming.
Buffer =  C++ Programming.

C++ String Copy Example

Let's see the simple example of copy the string using strcpy() function.

 
#include <iostream>  
#include <cstring>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
    char key[25], buffer[25];  
    cout << "Enter the key string: ";  
    cin.getline(key, 25);  
    strcpy(buffer, key);  
    cout << "Key = "<< key << endl;  
    cout << "Buffer = "<< buffer<<endl;  
    return 0;  
}  

Output:

Enter the key string: C++ Tutorial
Key = C++ Tutorial
Buffer = C++ Tutorial

C++ String Length Example

Let's see the simple example of finding the string length using strlen() function.

 
#include <iostream>  
#include <cstring>  
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
    char ary[] = "Welcome to C++ Programming";  
    cout << "Length of String = " << strlen(ary)<<endl;  
    return 0;  
}  

Output:

Length of String = 26

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Wednesday, 21 June 2017 02:54

C++ Namespaces

Written by Anish Sir

Namespaces in C++ are used to organize too many classes so that it can be easy to handle the application.

For accessing the class of a namespace, we need to use namespacename::classname. We can use using keyword so that we don't have to use complete name all the time.

In C++, global namespace is the root namespace. The global::std will always refer to the namespace "std" of C++ Framework.

C++ namespace Example

Let's see the simple example of namespace which include variable and functions.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
namespace First {    
    void sayHello() {   
        cout<<"Hello First Namespace"<<endl;          
    }    
}    
namespace Second  {    
       void sayHello() {   
           cout<<"Hello Second Namespace"<<endl;   
       }    
}   
int main()  
{  
 First::sayHello();  
 Second::sayHello();  
return 0;  
}  

Output:

Hello First Namespace
Hello Second Namespace

C++ namespace example: by using keyword

Let's see another example of namespace where we are using "using" keyword so that we don't have to use complete name for accessing a namespace program.

 
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
namespace First{  
   void sayHello(){  
      cout << "Hello First Namespace" << endl;  
   }  
}  
namespace Second{  
   void sayHello(){  
      cout << "Hello Second Namespace" << endl;  
   }  
}  
using namespace First;  
int main () {  
   sayHello();  
   return 0;  
}  

Output:

Hello First Namespace

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C++ (49)

Program 1: Using * and /

Program 2: Using + and -

Sum of digits program in C++

Sum of digits algorithm

Factorial Program using Loop

Factorial Program using Recursion

Palindrome number algorithm

Fibonaccci Series in C++ without Recursion

Fibonnaci series using recursion in C++

C++ user-defined exception example

More...

C++ example without try/catch

C++ try/catch example

Advantage

C++ Exception Classes

C++ Exception Handling Keywords

C++ String Example

C++ String Compare Example

C++ String Concat Example

C++ String Copy Example

C++ String Length Example

C++ namespace Example

C++ namespace example: by using keyword

c++

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